In the estrogen-responsive incontinence case, which finding was not observed?

• A. INCREASED VOCALIZATION
• B. URINE LEAKAGE
• C. PU/PD
• D. UNREMARKABLE BLADDER RADIOGRAPHS

Answer: (D)

Estrogen-responsive incontinence is caused by reduced urethral sphincter tone due to estrogen deficiency, so the bladder itself is usually normal and there are no systemic signs like excessive drinking or ususal pain. The hallmark on examination is urine leakage, especially without bladder disease. In this case, the finding described as unremarkable bladder radiographs would be expected if the problem were purely urethral incompetence; seeing an abnormal bladder radiograph would contradict that pure picture. Therefore, this radiographic finding was not observed. The other signs—urine leakage from the urethra—fit the condition, while PU/PD is not typical and vocalization isn’t a defining feature of this incontinence.